Enemies of God: Karl Marx and Friedrich Nietzsche
German philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche and Karl both embody the antithesis of religion. Through this attack, they set a precedence for atheism.
Rationalism and irrationalism were...
The Diamond Necklace Affair
Marie Antoinette was innocent but her reputation was destroyed when she was implicated in a scandal leading to France's disillusionment with the monarchy.
Court jewellers,...
Early Modern Europe – Alcohol and Drinking
Early Modernity makes for a controversial period in the history of Europe. This article approaches the habits of drinking in pre-industrial Europe.
Alcohol Drinking in...
The Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939: History of the Second World War
The Nazi-Soviet pact was a non-agression treaty signed by the two countries just one month before the beginning of the Second World War.
During the...
Elite Conceptions of Witchcraft
For centuries, European societies have been consumed by a panic over alleged witches within their midst. Witchcraft was a practice/craft believed to be common...
Berwick Bridge: Open at Last
After the overspends and overruns, the bridge had to be completed oin a fixed term contract. Would this solve or exacerbate the problems?
The...
Berwick Bridge: Construction
It is not too difficult to track expenditure during early construction, but has been difficult to track physical progress from available documents.
There were...
The Evacuation of Dunkirk. History of the Second World War
In May 1940 the British Navy rescued hundreds of thousands of British and French soldiers trapped on a beach in Northern France.
In the...
The Story Behind Dracula, The Lady Vampire
Since its publication in 1897, Stoker's vampire tale has never been out of print, and the story behind the tale is as interesting...
World War I: The Malaria Effect
Malaria took a heavy toll on soldiers during World War I. It helped induce a change in British military planning and operations.
World War...