Royal Authority in Visigothic Spain
The Visigoth Crown was dependent on the Spanish Church and the Visigoth Nobility for its Authority, a relationship that weakened the Crown and...
Hypatia: Pagan Philosopher of Alexandria, Victim of Christian Violence
Hypatia is something of a footnote in history-most noted for her violent death at the hands of a saint’s mob of thugs. But since...
The Council of Clermont
Pope Urban the Second set in motion the First Crusade with his incendiary call to arms at Clermont in 1095.
The Council of Clermont,...
Harold and the Battle of Stamford Bridge
King Harold’s Dilemma
By mid-September of 1066 the newly crowned English king, Harold Godwinson, was faced with a terrible dilemma.
All summer long he had been...
An Overview of Henry II Plantagenet
Henry II Plantagenet, surnamed Curtmantle, was the grandson of Henry I of England, and great-grandson of William the Conqueror His mother, the Empress Matilda,...
The Peoples of Britain: The Vikings of Scandinavia
On June 8, 793AD, the Vikings announced themselves with typical ferocity when they suddenly appeared off the Isle of Lindisfarne in the North Sea,...
Medieval Armor: The Brigandine
How the brigandine protected
The brigandine was a great torso protector. The inner and outer sides were leather, but sandwiched in between the layers of...
Celtic Christmas Traditions
Over the centuries, the holiday traditions evolved and morphed into the festival Christmas is today. Of course the commercialization is the most recent development...
Round Churches and Bornholm
Round churches are not unique to Bornholm or Denmark but exist in various locations throughout Europe. In fact, there are about twenty-two round churches...
Preaching in Medieval England Book Review
Preaching in medieval England is a scholarly look at preaching in England at the end of the Middle Ages. For more than eighty years,...